Posted on November 8, 2022 by Munchies

Can two cannabinoids share some traits but offer effects that are worlds apart? Well, that’s not uncommon with THCV and THCA. These two cannabis compounds may look similar at first glance, but they deliver different potential that serves a variety of users. So, how could these cannabinoids possibly improve your wellness routine? You’re just in time because today, we’ll discover their key differences and potential life-changing benefits.

Get more information about THCA, its nature, potential benefits, consumption methods, and more.

Key Takeaways 

  • THCV is often found in low concentrations and requires selective breeding or synthetic production, while THCA is abundant in raw cannabis plants.
  • THCA is known for its strong anti-inflammatory properties, while THCV’s anti-inflammatory potential has been studied less, but it is possible.
  • THCV and THCA show potential neuroprotective properties, which could treat conditions like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
  • THCV may suppress appetite and regulate metabolism, potentially aiding in weight management, while THCA has no significant impact on appetite unless converted to Delta 9 THC.
  • THCV has a shorter propyl side chain, while THCA has a pentyl side chain, which affects how each interacts with the body and its psychoactive potential.

What is THCV? 

Tetrahydrocannabivarin, or THCV, is a naturally occurring cannabinoid found in cannabis plants that has gained attention for its unique properties and potential therapeutic benefits. It shares a similar molecular structure with Delta 9 THC but has a propyl (3-carbon) side chain instead of Delta 9’s pentyl (5-carbon) side chain. 

While it has similarities with cannabinoids like Delta 9 THC or THCA in terms of functions or properties, THCV has a uniquely built composition that is beneficial to specific user groups. THCV is not common in cannabis, and only a few specific strains contain concentrations over 1%

How is THCV Made? 

THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin) is produced through a combination of natural biosynthesis in cannabis plants and extraction processes. THCV is mainly present in certain cannabis strains, particularly in some African Sativa varieties. The process begins with the forming of CBGVA (Cannabigerovarinic acid), a precursor to THCV. 

After CBGVA formation, the enzyme THCV synthase converts it to THCVA (tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid). The resulting compound naturally decarboxylates into THCV over time or when exposed to heat. 

To obtain THCV for use in products, manufacturers extract it from cannabis or hemp plants using a process similar to Delta THC extraction. These extraction methods are through chromatography and selective breeding on cannabis strains that yield higher THCV content. 

Synthetic vs Organic: THCV and THCA 

Both cannabinoids are organic, as they are naturally present in the cannabis plant. It doesn’t need a special lab or intervention to produce them. Regarding cultivation, organic classification refers to avoiding pesticides or genetic modification in the plant. This lets manufacturers produce clean cannabis products with less harm to health.

It’s also interesting to note that while both THCV and THCA are natural cannabis compounds, their concentration levels in the plant differ significantly. THCA is an abundant compound, while THCV is present in minute quantities. 

Their concentration level leads to different production processes, especially if manufacturers want to produce them commercially. One option is to produce minor cannabinoids like THCV via selective plant breeding. This option involves growing certain varieties that produce more of their target cannabinoids, such as THCV or THCP. 

The only drawback with selective breeding is there are only a few known cannabis strains that exceed more than 1% in terms of THCV concentration. This leads to manufacturers resorting to synthetic ways to meet the demand. 

Different Chemical Structure and Properties

THCV and THCA have different chemical structures and origins within the cannabis plant:

  • THCV – THCV is a similar version of Delta 9 THC with a slightly shorter hydrocarbon chain. It is found naturally in cannabis plants, particularly in some Sativa strains. The chemical formula for THCV is C19H26O2. 
  • THCA – THCA is the acidic precursor to THC and is abundant in raw, freshly harvested cannabis plants. It is non-psychoactive in its natural state. Its chemical formula is C₂₁H₃₀O₂.

Effects on the Body 

THCV

  • The cannabinoid may suppress appetite and increase satiety.
  • It has been studied for its potential to regulate blood sugar levels and reduce anxiety.
  • At lower doses, it acts as a CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonist.

THCA

  • It may have potential therapeutic benefits, such as easing pain and nausea and reducing inflammation.
  • The compound has been studied for its potential neuroprotective properties and possible seizure management benefits.

Psychoactivity

One of the most significant differences between THCV and THCA lies in their psychoactive properties:

  • THCV – At lower doses, THCV does not typically produce psychoactive effects and may even counteract some of THC’s psychoactive properties. However, at higher doses, THCV may have psychoactive properties.
  • THCA – THCA is non-psychoactive in its natural form. When consumed raw, it does not induce a “high.” However, when the compound is exposed to excessive heat, it can turn into Delta 9 THC, a cannabinoid responsible for the psychoactive effect that some users prefer to avoid. This is where consumers must weigh in on the methods of consuming THCA that don’t trigger this transformation. 

Legal Status

THCV is legal in the United States thanks to the 2018 Farm Bill, which legalized hemp-derived THCV products. It is legal in 41 states in the US and is federally legal, but local state laws vary. 

On the other hand, THCA’s legal status is more complex. According to the 2018 Farm Bill, it is legal in most states of the US as long as it has less than 0.3% Delta 9 THC content. However, its legal status is constantly changing in some areas due to ongoing debates about its potential to convert to Delta 9 THC.

Availability and Forms

The availability and forms of these cannabinoids differ:

  • THCV – THCV goods are available online nationwide, but often in products featuring enzymatically converted rather than naturally derived cannabinoids.
  • THCA – THCA is most commonly found in fresh cannabis plants and is available in forms such as flower for juicing or as a component in topicals and tinctures.

Key Differences in Production

  • Precursor Molecules – THCV production starts with CBGV-A, while THCA production begins with olivetolic acid and proceeds through CBGA.
  • Enzymatic Pathways – Different enzymes are involved in producing THCV and THCA. THCV production relies on enzymes that convert CBGV-A, while THCA production depends on THCA synthase.
  • Structural Variations – THCV has a propyl side chain, whereas THCA (and subsequently Delta 9 THC) has a pentyl side chain, leading to different molecular structures and properties.
  • Abundance in Plants – THCA is typically more abundant in cannabis plants, while THCV is often found in lower concentrations.
  • Conversion to Psychoactive Form – THCA can be converted to THC through decarboxylation (usually by heating), while THCV is already in its active form and does not require this conversion.

THCV vs. THCA: Potential Benefits 

Appetite and Metabolism

  • THCV – The compound has been shown to decrease appetite, increase satiety, and up-regulate energy metabolism, making it a potential treatment for obesity and weight management. It may help regulate blood sugar levels, showing potential for diabetes management.
  • THCA – THCA does not have significant known effects on appetite or metabolism. However, if the compound is heated to Delta 9 THC, it can produce “the munchies” effect, which stimulates appetite. 

Neuroprotection

  • THCV – THCV has demonstrated neuroprotective properties, potentially beneficial for neurodegenerative diseases.
  • THCA – THCA has shown neuroprotective effects in animal studies, suggesting potential applications in treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.

Anti-inflammatory Properties

  • THCA – This cannabinoid has strong anti-inflammatory properties, which may benefit conditions like arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.

Pain Management

  • THCV – THCV has shown potential for pain relief, although more research is needed. 
  • THCA -THCA may have analgesic properties, potentially helpful in managing pain without psychoactive effects.

Anxiety and Mood Regulation

  • THCV – This compound has been studied for its potential to reduce anxiety, which could be beneficial for mood disorders. 
  • THCA – This cannabinoid may have some mood-regulating effects, but this area is less studied compared to THCV.

Nausea and Vomiting

  • THCV – There is limited research on THCV’s effects on nausea and vomiting.
  • THCA – THCA has shown potential in alleviating nausea and vomiting, which is particularly beneficial for chemotherapy patients.

Cancer Research

  • THCV – Limited research is available on THCV’s potential anti-cancer properties.
  • THCA – THCA has shown potential anti-proliferative effects, making it a subject of interest in cancer research.

Epilepsy and Seizures

  • THCV – THCV has shown potential in reducing seizures, though more research is needed.
  • THCA – Some studies suggest THCA may have anti-seizure properties, but more research is required.

Related Risks and Side Effects 

THCV Side Effects and Risks

  • Dry Mouth and Eyes – Like other cannabinoids, THCV can cause dry mouth and eye dryness.
  • Potential Drug Interactions – THCV may interact with other medications, highlighting the importance of consulting a healthcare provider before use.
  • Dizziness and Fatigue – Some users report feeling dizzy or tired after taking THCV.
  • Anxiety and Paranoia – At higher doses, THCV may induce anxiety or paranoia in some users. This is particularly important for individuals with a history of anxiety disorders.
  • Risk of Positive Drug Test – THCV is structurally similar to THC, which is the primary compound that most cannabis drug tests are designed to detect.
  • Appetite Suppression – THCV is known for its appetite-suppressing effects, which can be beneficial for some but problematic for others. This could concern individuals who need to maintain or gain weight.
  • Stimulant Effects – Some users may experience stimulant-like effects from THCV, which could lead to increased energy or alertness. While this can be beneficial, it might also cause discomfort for some individuals.
  • Altered Perception and Mood – At higher doses, THCV can induce THC-like effects, including altered perception and mood changes.

THCA Side Effects and Risks

  • Dry Mouth and Eyes – Like other cannabinoids, excessive use of THCA can cause dry mouth and eye dryness.
  • Drug Interactions – Like THCV, THCA may interact with prescription medications, potentially altering their effectiveness or causing unwanted side effects.
  • Drowsiness and Fatigue – Some users feel sleepy or tired after consuming THCA.
  • Conversion to Delta 9 THC – It’s important to note that when THCA is heated (through smoking, vaping, or cooking), it converts to THC, which can produce psychoactive effects and additional side effects associated with THC use. These side effects can be in the form of paranoia, anxiety, or altered perception. 
  • Positive Drug Tests – Despite being non-psychoactive, THCA can still trigger positive results on drug tests.
  • Nausea and Digestive Issues– Some users may experience nausea, indigestion, or upset stomach when consuming THCA.
  • Allergic Reactions—Consuming THCA can lead to allergic reactions in some individuals, manifesting as skin rashes, itching, or respiratory symptoms.
  • Increased Heart Rate – THCA consumption may lead to an elevated heart rate in some individuals.
  • Respiratory Issues – When THCA is smoked or heated (converting it to Delta 9 THC), it can potentially cause respiratory problems, especially with long-term use.

THCV vs THCA: Ways of Consuming

THCV Consumption Methods

  • Vaping – THCV can be consumed through vaporization, which offers a quick onset of effects. Vaping THCV allows for precise temperature control, which is important as THCV has a higher boiling point than Delta 9 THC.
  • Edibles – THCV can be incorporated into edible products such as gummies or other food items. The effects of THCV edibles may take longer to manifest but can last for an extended period.
  • Tinctures – THCV tinctures are available and can be administered under the tongue for relatively quick absorption.
  • Smoking – THCV can be consumed by smoking cannabis strains high in this cannabinoid. This method provides rapid onset of effects but may not be ideal for those concerned about respiratory health.

THCA Consumption Methods

  • Raw Cannabis – THCA is abundant in raw, fresh cannabis plants. Consuming raw cannabis, such as adding it to smoothies or salads, allows for the intake of THCA without converting it to Delta 9 THC.
  • Tinctures – THCA tinctures are available for those seeking the potential benefits of this cannabinoid without psychoactive effects.
  • Capsules – THCA capsules offer a convenient and precise way to consume this cannabinoid.
  • Transdermal Patches – THCA can be administered through transdermal patches, which deliver a consistent dose over time without converting THCA to Delta 9 THC.
  • Crystalline Form (Diamonds) – THCA is available in a pure crystalline form known as “diamonds.” These can be dabbed or vaporized, but this process will convert THCA to its psychoactive form, Delta 9 THC.

THCV vs. THCA: Which is Better?

THCV and THCA have distinct properties that serve specific user groups. Determining which is “better” depends on the user’s specific needs and desired effects.

THCV vs. THCA for Energy

THCV appears to have more direct energy-boosting effects compared to THCA. THCV is often described as producing a clear-headed, stimulating high, especially at higher doses. The energizing effects of THCV seem to be more consistent across users compared to THCA, which doesn’t have well-documented energy-boosting properties in its raw form.

THCV vs. THCA for Sleep

  • Direct Sleep-Inducing Effects – Neither THCV nor THCA in their pure forms are typically associated with strong sleep-inducing effects. THC, which THCA can become when heated, is more commonly associated with sedation.
  • Anxiety and Stress Reduction – THCV may have the potential to reduce anxiety, which could indirectly improve sleep for some individuals. THCA’s potential anti-inflammatory effects might also contribute to relaxation, but this is less direct.
  • Risk of Sleep Disruption – THCV’s stimulating effects, especially at lower doses, may potentially disrupt sleep patterns or make it harder to fall asleep. THCA, being non-psychoactive, is less likely to cause sleep disruption.
  • Pain Relief – Both compounds may offer some pain relief, improving sleep quality for those affected by pain. THCA’s anti-inflammatory properties might be particularly beneficial in this regard.
  • Research Status – Limited research exists on both compounds, specifically regarding their effects on sleep. More studies are needed to draw definitive conclusions.

THCV vs. THCA for Focus 

  • Direct Effects on Focus—THCV appears to have more direct and immediate effects on focus and concentration than THCA. THCV’s stimulating properties are more closely aligned with focus enhancement.
  • Onset of Effects – THCV’s effects, when smoked or vaped, are felt more quickly than those of raw THCA consumption. This makes THCV potentially more suitable for immediate focus improvement.
  • Consistency of Effects – The focus-enhancing effects of THCV seem to be more consistent across users compared to THCA, which doesn’t have well-documented focus-boosting properties in its raw form.
  • Psychoactivity – While THCV can be psychoactive at higher doses, potentially contributing to its focus-enhancing effects, THCA remains non-psychoactive unless converted to THC through heat.
  • Research Status – There’s more anecdotal and preliminary research evidence supporting THCV’s focus-enhancing effects compared to THCA.

Final Thoughts

THCV and THCA are two distinct cannabinoids with different properties and potential benefits. While both are naturally found in cannabis, THCV stands out for its appetite-suppressing and potential anti-anxiety effects, while THCA is known for its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. 

Understanding the differences in chemical structures, effects, and legal status can help consumers make informed decisions based on their needs. Whether you’re seeking pain relief, mood regulation, or therapeutic benefits, both THCV and THCA offer possibilities for wellness. Remember that before taking THCA, THCV, or any cannabinoids, it is essential to seek medical advice from a professional healthcare provider so you’re guaranteed a safe, enjoyable, and fulfilling cannabis experience. 

(Disclaimer reminder: This article is not medical advice. It is based on anecdotal user experience alone. If you are thinking about incorporating cannabis (delta-8 THC, delta-9 THC, CBD, etc) into your medicinal routine, please consult a healthcare professional. Do not stop taking any prescribed medications without first consulting your doctor.)

Disclaimer: This article reflects the laws of the United States at the time it was written. Because cannabis laws in the United States laws are subject to change at any time, please make sure that you are always staying up to date on your federal, state, and local county’s cannabis laws. Additionally, we are NOT encouraging anyone to break the law––we are simply showing people ways to legally and discreetly bring their cannabis products along with them on their travels so that they may have access to those products when they reach their intended destination.

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