Posted on June 16, 2023 by Munchies

Cannabinoids come in many forms, each offering unique effects and experiences. THCA and THCO may sound similar, but they couldn’t be more different. The difference meant a new thrill for users from their nature to potential effects. So, how much do we understand these two cannabinoids to decide the right choice? Let’s break down the comparison for each. 

Key Takeaways 

  • THCA is a non-psychoactive compound found in raw cannabis plants that converts into THC when heated, offering potential therapeutic benefits without intoxication.
  • THCO is a lab-created cannabinoid known for its powerful psychoactive effects, reportedly up to three times stronger than THC.
  • THCO is significantly more potent than unheated THCA, delivering more robust psychoactive experiences and even psychedelic-like effects for some users.
  • THCA is more widely legal due to its natural occurrence in hemp, while THCO’s synthetic nature and high potency make it federally illegal. 

What is THCA?  

THCA stands for tetrahydrocannabinolic acid. This cannabinoid is abundantly present in raw, unheated cannabis plants, mainly concentrated in the cluster of flowers. It is a non-intoxicating chemical present in cannabis and serves as the predecessor to the well-known psychoactive compound Delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). 

Get more information about THCA, its extraction process, potential benefits, and more. 

What is THCO? 

THCO, or tetrahydrocannabinol-o-acetate, is a synthetic cannabinoid derived from hemp. It is created through chemical processes involving CBD, Delta 8 THC, and acetic anhydride. The resulting compound is structurally similar to THC but with an acetate group attached, which significantly alters its properties and effects.

Natural or Synthetic?: THCA vs. THCO

THCA (Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid) is a natural cannabinoid found in raw cannabis plants, while THCO (Tetrahydrocannabinol-O-acetate) is a synthetic cannabinoid produced through chemical processes. This fundamental difference in origin has significant implications for their legal status, production methods, and potential effects.

Natural Origin of THCA

THCA is a naturally occurring compound in cannabis plants. It is primarily found in fresh, undried cannabis, particularly concentrated in the trichomes of raw cannabis buds. As a precursor to THC, THCA is non-psychoactive in its natural state and is converted to THC through decarboxylation when exposed to heat.

Synthetic Nature of THCO

In contrast, THCO is a synthetic cannabinoid that does not occur naturally in cannabis plants. It is produced through a chemical process that involves extracting CBD from hemp, converting it to Delta 8 THC, and then adding acetic anhydride to create THCO. This synthesis process requires specialized laboratory equipment and involves potentially hazardous chemicals.

Chemical Structure: THCA vs. THCO

Basic Chemical Structure

THCA’s molecular formula is C22H30O4, while THCO’s is C23H32O3. These differences in molecular formulas indicate variations in their atomic compositions, which contribute to their distinct properties and effects.

Carboxylic Acid Group

The most significant structural difference between THCA and THCO lies in the presence of a carboxylic acid group (COOH). THCA contains this carboxylic acid group attached to its molecular structure, which is responsible for its non-psychoactive nature. In contrast, THCO, like THC, lacks this carboxylic acid group.

Acetate Group in THCO

THCO is characterized by an acetate group, which is non-existent in THCA. This acetate group is added to the THC molecule through acetylation, resulting in the formation of THCO. The presence of this acetate group contributes to THCO’s increased potency compared to THC.

Structural Stability

When exposed to heat, THCA is relatively unstable and can easily convert to THC through a process called decarboxylation. This instability is due to the presence of the carboxylic acid group, which is removed during decarboxylation. THCO, on the other hand, is more stable and has not undergone this transformation.

Production Processes: THCA vs. THCO

The production processes of THCA (Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid) and THCO (Tetrahydrocannabinol-O-acetate) are fundamentally different, reflecting their natural and synthetic origins, respectively. While THCA is naturally produced by cannabis plants and extracted using various methods, THCO is synthesized through complex chemical processes in laboratory settings. These distinctions have significant implications for safety, legality, and consumer considerations.

Natural Production of THCA

THCA is naturally abundant in the cannabis plant, specifically concentrated in the flowering buds. This natural process occurs as part of the plant’s lifecycle, particularly during the flowering stage when the plant is most vulnerable to environmental stressors and predators. THCA serves several essential functions in the cannabis plant, acting as a defense mechanism that deters herbivores and protects the plant from UV radiation and other environmental stressors.

Solvent-based extractions

  • Ethanol extraction – Efficient and safe, but requires sophisticated equipment to remove all traces of ethanol.
  • Butane Hash Oil (BHO) extraction – Yields high THC concentrations but has safety concerns due to butane’s flammability.
  • CO2 extraction – Environmentally friendly and safe, but requires significant investment in specialized equipment.

Solventless extractions

  • Ice water hash – Ice water and agitation separate trichomes, producing a solvent-free concentrate.
  • Dry sift – Involves sieving cannabis through screens to collect trichomes.
  • Rosin pressing – Utilizes heat and pressure to extract cannabinoids and terpenes directly from the plant or hash.

Synthetic Production of THCO

THCO is a synthetic cannabinoid created through a multi-step chemical process:

  • CBD extraction – The process begins with extracting CBD from hemp plants.
  • Conversion to Delta 8 THC – CBD is converted to Delta 8 THC through a chemical reaction, typically refluxing CBD in an organic solvent with an acid catalyst for 60-90 minutes.
  • Acetylation – The final step involves adding acetic anhydride to the Delta 8 THC to create THCO.

This synthesis process requires specialized laboratory equipment and involves potentially hazardous chemicals. The reaction often yields a high percentage of Delta 8 THC, along with small amounts of other cannabinoids and reaction by-products, some of which are not naturally found in cannabis.

Potency: THCA vs. THCO

Potency of THCO

THCO is known for its powerful psychoactive effects, which can lead to experiences of euphoria and relaxation. Users often report that THCO is up to three times more potent than conventional THC. 

This heightened potency also suggests a greater likelihood of experiencing psychedelic effects compared to both THC and THCA, though this varies among users. For instance, anecdotal reports indicate that THCO may produce sensations similar to those felt with psilocybin (magic mushrooms), which sets it apart from typical cannabinoid experiences. 

Potency of THCA

THCA does not exhibit psychoactive effects in its raw form. It is non-psychoactive due to its inability to bind with cannabinoid receptors in the brain. However, upon heating (decarboxylation), THCA converts to THC, which does produce psychoactive effects.

The transition from THCA to THC is influenced by factors such as temperature and time, where higher temperatures require a shorter duration to achieve full conversion. Thus, while THCA has potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, it lacks immediate psychoactive potency until subjected to heat.

THCO vs. THCA: Effects on Users 

THCO

THCO is a synthetic cannabinoid derived from hemp that has gained attention for its reported potency and psychoactive effects. It is typically created through a multi-step chemical process involving CBD extraction, conversion to Delta 8 THC, and acetylation.

Psychoactive Properties

THCO is known for its strong psychoactive effects, which are reported to be more intense than those of traditional THC. Some users describe the experience as more psychedelic, with the potential for both intense euphoria and relaxation. The onset of effects is typically delayed, often taking 20 to 30 minutes to manifest.

Potency and Duration

Anecdotal reports suggest that THCO may be up to three times more potent than Delta 9 THC. The effects are also reported to last longer than those of traditional THC products. This increased potency and duration make THCO appealing to some users and raise concerns about potential risks.

THCO Potential Therapeutic Benefits 

Preliminary data shows that THCO may offer potential benefits somewhat similar to Delta 9 THC. These benefits include sleep aids, pain and anxiety relief, mental relaxation, and mood enhancement. Users also report nausea relief, appetite stimulation, and anti-inflammatory properties, but more clinical and peer research is needed to verify these benefits.

User Experiences

User reports of THCO effects vary widely. Some describe it as producing a more spiritual or introspective high, while others compare it to smoking an edible due to its delayed onset and intensity. However, it’s important to note that a recent study published in the Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2024) found no evidence of psychedelic effects, primarily reporting relaxation, euphoria, and pain relief.

THCA

THCA is a naturally occurring cannabinoid found abundantly in raw and unprocessed cannabis. Unlike THCO, THCA does not produce psychoactive effects in its natural state.

Non-Psychoactive Nature

In its raw form, THCA does not bind effectively to CB1 receptors in the brain, which are responsible for the psychoactive effects associated with THC. This means that consuming raw THCA will not induce any form of psychoactive effects.

Conversion to THC

THCA can be converted to THC through a process called decarboxylation, which occurs when the compound is exposed to heat (e.g., through smoking, vaping, or cooking). Once decarboxylated, THCA becomes psychoactive THC, producing effects similar to traditional cannabis use.

THCA Potential Therapeutic Benefits

Despite its lack of psychoactive effects, THCA has shown potential therapeutic properties in various studies. These potential benefits include anti-inflammatory, anti-nausea, and neuroprotective effects and possible applications in treating conditions such as epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases.

User Experiences

Users report that consuming raw THCA may provide benefits without the high associated with THC. Some describe it as offering a smoother, more controlled experience compared to traditional THC products. However, when THCA is heated and converted to THC, users report effects similar to those of dispensary-bought cannabis.

Onset Speed: THCA vs. THCO

​In general, THCA, when converted to THC through heating, hits faster than THCO.​ 

THCA can produce effects within minutes when smoked or vaporized, while THCO typically takes 20-45 minutes or longer to manifest its effects. While the impact of THCO and THCA vary significantly, as THCA in its raw form is not psychoactive, the comparison was made based on two standard consumption methods for both cannabinoids: smoking and vaping. It’s also good to note that when comparing any cannabinoid, consumption method plays a vital role as each one offers a different onset time. 

Legality: THCA vs. THCO

THCA is generally more accessible than THCO in terms of legality. Under the 2018 Farm Bill, THCA is legal in most U.S. states as long as it is derived from hemp containing less than 0.3% THC.

In contrast, THCO’s legal status is more restricted. The DEA has recently classified THCO as an illegal substance due to its synthetic production, making it federally prohibited.

THCO vs. THCA: Types of Products

Types of THCO Products

THCO products are increasingly available in several forms, including:

  • Edibles – THCO can be found in popular edible forms such as gummies, chocolates, and baked goods. These products offer a discreet and accessible way to consume this cannabinoid, though consumers should watch for potency and dosing to avoid overconsumption.
  • Vapes – THCO vape cartridges are designed for use with standard vape pens. These cartridges often contain concentrated THCO oil, enabling users to experience the cannabinoid’s effects quickly and effectively.
  • Tinctures – THCO tinctures are liquid extracts that can be taken sublingually (under the tongue) for quick absorption. These tinctures allow users to control their dosage easily.
  • Concentrates – THCO is also available in concentrated forms, such as oils or syringes for dabbing, which provide intense and immediate effects.

Types of THCA Products

THCA is offered in various forms, emphasizing its non-psychoactive benefits:

  • Flower –  THCA flower refers to the raw, dried cannabis buds that contain high concentrations of THCA. This flower can be smoked or vaped, providing users with the flavor and experience of cannabis without psychoactive effects unless heated.
  • Pre-Rolls – Prerolled THCA joints are convenient options containing high-quality THCA flower. These products are ready for consumption and offer ease of use for those who prefer not to roll their own.
  • Edibles – THCA is also available in edible forms such as gummies and chocolates, allowing for a longer-lasting experience without immediate psychoactive effects.
  • Vapes – THCA vape cartridges contain extracts that provide the benefits of THCA in a vaporized form. These products deliver a non-intoxicating experience and are available in various flavors.
  • Tinctures – THCA tinctures enable under-the-tongue absorption for rapid effects while maintaining non-psychoactive properties.
  • Topicals – Although less common, THCA isolates can be incorporated into lotions and ointments for localized applications. 
  • Dabs – These concentrates are known for their high purity and potential for strong effects when properly consumed. THCA dabs can be made of diamonds, waxes, and sauces. 

Final Thoughts 

When choosing between THCA and THCO, THCA is generally the safer option due to its more stable legal status. Beyond legality, consider your desired effects and tolerance level. THCA, when consumed raw, offers non-psychoactive benefits with potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. When heated, it converts to THC, providing a traditional cannabis experience. THCO, known for its potent psychoactive effects, may suit those seeking a stronger experience but comes with higher legal and safety risks.

Ultimately, the right cannabinoid choice depends on your needs, goals, and the legal framework in your area. To prioritize safety, ensure the product is lab-tested and sourced from a reputable provider.

(Disclaimer reminder: This article is not medical advice. It is based on anecdotal user experience alone. If you are thinking about incorporating cannabis (delta-8 THC, delta-9 THC, CBD, etc) into your medicinal routine, please consult a healthcare professional. Do not stop taking any prescribed medications without first consulting your doctor.)

Disclaimer: This article reflects the laws of the United States at the time it was written. Because cannabis laws in the United States laws are subject to change at any time, please make sure that you are always staying up to date on your federal, state, and local county’s cannabis laws. Additionally, we are NOT encouraging anyone to break the law––we are simply showing people ways to legally and discreetly bring their cannabis products along with them on their travels so that they may have access to those products when they reach their intended destination.

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